Melamine and Cyanuric acid
ثبت نشده
چکیده
Introduction......................................................................................................................... 1 Uses and possible human exposure ................................................................................... 2 Toxicity of Melamine .......................................................................................................... 2 Toxicity of cyanuric acid .................................................................................................... 3 Combined toxicity ............................................................................................................... 4 Safety/Risk Assessment ...................................................................................................... 4 Guidance on levels of health concern in foods ................................................................. 5 References ............................................................................................................................ 6
منابع مشابه
Increased Nephrotoxicity after Combined Administration of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Rats
Renal toxicity by melamine in combination with cyanuric acid (1:1) was investigated. Male rats were orally administered melamine plus cyanuric acid (5, 50 or 400 mg/kg each) for 3 days. In contrast to a negligible effect by melamine alone (50 mg/kg, a no-observed-adverse-effect-level: NOAEL), co-administration with cyanuric acid markedly increased the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen and c...
متن کاملToxicological risk of melamine and cyanuric acid in food and feed
From the toxicological point of view, in the last two years melamine and cyanuric acid have become matters of great interest. These substances, especially melamine, have been abused during food and feed adulteration by increasing the content of nitrogen compounds in these products. Melamine and cyanuric acid as individual substances do not pose any serious risk in terms of toxicology. From the ...
متن کاملDose-response assessment of nephrotoxicity from a 7-day combined exposure to melamine and cyanuric acid in F344 rats.
The intentional adulteration of pet food with melamine and derivatives, including cyanuric acid, has been implicated in the kidney failure and death of a large number of cats and dogs in the United States. Although individually these compounds present low toxicity, coexposure can lead to the formation of melamine cyanurate crystals in the nephrons and eventual kidney failure. To determine the d...
متن کاملMelamine-induced renal toxicity is mediated by the gut microbiota.
Melamine poisoning has become widely publicized after a recent occurrence of renal injury in infants and children exposed to melamine-tainted milk in China. This renal damage is believed to result from kidney stones formed from melamine and uric acid or from melamine and its cocrystallizing chemical derivative, cyanuric acid. However, the composition of the stones and the mechanism by which the...
متن کاملEvaluation of the renal effects of experimental feeding of melamine and cyanuric acid to fish and pigs.
OBJECTIVE To determine whether renal crystals can be experimentally induced in animals fed melamine or the related triazine compound cyanuric acid, separately or in combination, and to compare experimentally induced crystals with those from a cat with triazine-related renal failure. ANIMALS 75 fish (21 tilapia, 24 rainbow trout, 15 channel catfish, and 15 Atlantic salmon), 4 pigs, and 1 cat t...
متن کامل